, updated Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. A plaque in his honour was. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. 1915-1921. Clear rating. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. He was 65. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. She flirted with other men and had affairs. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. He didn't seem to mind. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. We all loved him enormously. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. By [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. As he states in his autobiography, he . "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. It was a mystery. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. [20] However, such an act was never a real possibility; upon debriefing Philby in London on 24 May 1937, Maly wrote to the NKVD, "Though devoted and ready to sacrifice himself, [Philby] does not possess the physical courage and other qualities necessary for this [assassination] attempt."[20]. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. In a way hes always just been my father. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. (LogOut/ When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . But he also did it to impress her. Barclay reported the complaint to London. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. Burgess did not cope well. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. . He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. There, he underwent MI5 interrogation aimed at ascertaining whether he had acted as a "third man" in Burgess and Maclean's spy ring. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. He barely embraced his wife. Registered in England No. the title escapes me at the moment. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. He was a man of considerable cultural background. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. He was very good when he was around. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. That summer, friends thought her distracted. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. There was nothing more [he] could do. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. They met each other socially but soon fell out. Harry St. John Bridger Philby, 1885-1960, British explorer, official, and author. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. 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